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Morphine Addiction

10 Minutes

Edited & medically reviewed by THE BALANCE Team

Fact checked

CONTENTS

Morphine addiction is an obvious and increasing concern as this super-powerful opioid is widely prescribed for severe pain, however, it has a high potential for dependency. Opioid-related hospital admissions have risen in the US, with morphine being one of the top 5 most involved drugs.

Morphine can change the way the brain works, encouraging cravings, and ultimately, compulsive us, even when in its prescribed doses. Let’s learn more about it.

Morphine is a potent opioid drug used to relieve pain. It lowers pain perception by attaching to receptors in the brain and nervous system [1]. Severe pain, such as after surgery or from cancer is commonly treated with morphine. It is effective in many situations but extremely dangerous due to how it affects the brain’s reward system.

Morphine is processed from the opium poppy plant. It binds to opioid receptors which not only control pain but balance the emotional state. Taken for pain relief, morphine produces a feeling of relaxation, and sometimes euphoria. However, these pleasurable effects can cause people to misuse morphine.

Why Is Morphine Addictive

The reason that morphine is addictive is that it impacts the brain’s reward pathways directly [2]. When someone takes morphine, the levels of a brain neurotransmitter, dopamine, take off sky high—that neurotransmitter being linked to pleasure and feelings of reward.

Morphine use over time makes the brain feel that it is associated with a good feeling and it creates a compelling urge to take the drug again and again. Furthermore, over time the brain adjusts to the often presence of morphine, and thus, higher doses become necessary to enjoy its same beneficial effects and this results in a vicious cycle of increasing use and then addiction.

Morphine has a very high potential for abuse, yet it is a vital tool in pain management. Many people take morphine as prescribed for legitimate medical purposes, but over time some may take the drug for other reasons, such as to get euphoria and relaxation.

Medical Uses of Morphine: Pain Relief vs. Risk of Addiction

Morphine is frequently used in acute and chronic pain and is a fix when other painkillers are not effective. Post-surgical pain, pain associated with cancer, or pain with very severe injury is often treated with it. If the medication is taken as directed with doctor supervision, then you are less likely to become addicted, still, it is possible. However, the trouble arises when people take more morphine than is prescribed or use morphine too long after the pain has disappeared.

How Morphine Abuse Starts: From Prescription To Dependency

Some morphine abuse starts innocently — by continued use of pain-relieving morphine past its prescribed period. Some may begin taking morphine in higher doses to achieve the same amount of relief from pain, or to achieve its ‘high’. The more one uses the drug, the more the brain gets used to it and needs more of it to feel the same effects — physical dependence also develops [2]. This dependence too can quickly become an addiction, because morphine users can’t seem to stop taking the drug even when the drugs are no longer medically necessary.

Morphine is known to be one of the most addictive prescription opioids. Each person has a different risk of becoming addicted; several factors include dosage, duration of use, and individual susceptibility.

Morphine Dependence: Physical And Psychological Aspects

Addiction can be physical or psychological, whereby we develop dependence upon morphine. Physical dependence occurs when you get so accustomed to taking a drug that the body can’t do without it. If a person stops taking morphine, they could feel sick, sweaty, and have aching muscles, which are withdrawal symptoms.

However, psychological dependence occurs when someone becomes fixated on the drug and experiences cravings for it, a compulsive need to keep using it to feel good or to avoid bad feelings if they stop (withdrawal) [2].

How Long Does It Take To Become Addicted To Morphine?

It has been discovered that the time taken to develop a morphine addiction is not the same for everyone. Some can become dependent after a couple of months, some a week, and rarely, some can be fine forever. How fast morphine can make a person addicted depends mainly on how much morphine someone is taking and how often, as well as whether the person has a history of substance use or mental health issues. Genetics also make some people more likely to get addicted than others.

It’s hard to notice the signs of morphine addiction, as many people use the drug for good medical reasons. But there are physical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms that may point toward a growing problem.

Physical Symptoms

A greater tolerance to the drug makes higher and higher doses required to achieve the same effect.
Sweating, nausea, vomiting, body aches when you don’t use morphine.
Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic constipation [1].
Slowed or irregular breathing, a condition termed respiratory depression.
Having sleep disturbances and being fatigued often.

Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Using more morphine than the doctor has recommended or taking it in other ways that the doctor did not recommend (for example, crushing pills to snort or injecting)
Taking up a great deal of time thinking of getting morphine and using it
Drug use causes neglect of responsibilities.
Depression or anxiety if they do not take morphine
Lying to or keeping a secret from someone about morphine use

These are symptoms that could suggest someone is addicted to morphine and immediate intervention is crucial so the results aren’t more serious ones.

Dependence is sometimes confused with the term addiction, although actual addiction is in the future of use with dependence. The diagnoses and treatment of morphine addiction need to understand the difference between these two conditions.

What It Means To Be Dependent Vs. Addicted

It means dependence on morphine when the body starts to depend on the presence of the drug to function normally. Unlike those who are addicted to morphine, those who are dependent on the drug may not be addicted — however, they will experience withdrawal symptoms if the drug is suddenly stopped. Long-term use of morphine can often lead to dependence, but it doesn’t necessarily mean you are abusing the drug.

Key Differences Between Morphine Tolerance, Dependence, and Addiction

Tolerance: The more you use morphine, the less responsive your body becomes to it, and more is needed to get the same pain relief or euphoric effects.

Dependence: Morphine will change the way the body works, and if morphine is instantly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur.

Addiction: A compulsive morphine use after which negative consequences occur, yet the person is unable to stop his or her use even though there are negative consequences.

Physical dependence is part of addiction, but addiction is also a behavioral condition marked by changes in behavior and an intense craving for a drug that makes it far more difficult to break the drug habits without assistance.

If left untreated, morphine addiction can have long-term effects on your physical and mental well-being. This powerful opioid is so strong, that the body’s exposure to it for long periods can lead to several negative consequences, some of which may be irreversible.

Morphine Abuse Has Physical Effects On The Body

Respiratory Issues: Long–term morphine use may also lead to one of the most dangerous physical effects of it: respiratory depression. Morphine makes respiratory functions in the body slower, which, over time, can ultimately lead to breathing problems. In serious cases, it may even lead to respiratory failure [1].

Weakened Immune System: Long-term use of morphine can make a person more likely to fall ill because it makes the immune system weaker. People addicted to morphine are in such a weakened state that they are often ill frequently.

Gastrointestinal Problems: The digestive system is also affected by Morphine, causing chronic constipation, nausea, and vomiting. In addition to being painful, these symptoms can lead to bowel obstruction [1].

Cardiovascular Issues: Morphine can also cause irregular heart rates, increased risk of heart attack, and other cardiovascular complications if used for a long term. Opioid use for lengthy periods has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease.

Morphine Addiction And Mental Health Consequences

Depression and Anxiety: Morphine use for prolonged periods causes major changes in the brain’s chemistry leading to mood disorders. Along with the abuse of morphine comes the development of depression anxiety, which may worsen over time as the addiction is untreated.

Cognitive Impairment: Continuous consumption of morphine over time can cause cognitive impairment through damage to cognitive functions such as memory, decision-making, and amount of concentration. In some cases, individuals will find it difficult to accomplish routine tasks or make sensible decisions and the recovery is further complicated [3].

Emotional Instability: Morphine addiction can bring about a lot of emotional turmoil. It can cause mood swings to get out of control from being overly excited to becoming irritable. A striking factor is this emotional instability that causes not only mental instability but also creates a lot of strain in relationships with family, friends, and even colleagues.

Morphine addiction is very hard to recover from, and the success of your recovery depends on the treatment you receive and the support you have. The programs for treating addiction are aimed at treating both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction, the purpose of which is to return the control of human life to him.

Morphine Rehab: Treatment Programs — What to Expect

Morphine rehab usually involves detox, in which the body gets rid of the drug. Withdrawal can be severe and withdrawal symptoms include nausea, sweating, shaking, and even seizures, which is why detox should always be conducted under the supervision of a doctor. Medications are available for medical professionals to help manage these symptoms and make the detox process safe.

Once detox has occurred, patients will go on to the rehabilitation stage. This stage involves a combination of therapies designed to address the underlying causes of addiction, including:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): One of the most used methods of addiction treatment is CBT, which usually helps people to understand what negative thought patterns could lead them to drug abuse and how to replace them with more positive ones [2].

Group Therapy: Sharing experiences with people recovering from addiction can give emotional support and eliminate isolation experience.

Individual Counseling: In one-on-one therapy, people are given the chance to figure out why they are addicted and how they can remain clean.

How Does Morphine Addiction Treatment Break The Cycle Of Dependence?

Treatment programs that work equip people with the tools to get out of morphine addiction. These programs emphasize:

Relapse Prevention: Clearly, recovery entails learning how to resolve cravings and prevent situations that could precipitate a relapse.

Life Skills Development: For an individual in recovery, managing stress, maintaining relationships, and making healthy decisions not on morphine have to be relearned.

Support Networks: Building a support network is crucial, whether it’s family, friends, or a support group that can help you for the long haul.

Specifically, programs concentrated on the physical, psychological, and social aspects of addiction have the greatest odds to allow the individual to get out of the dependency pattern and recover.

Although morphine is a life-saving medication for many of those suffering, there are ways to decrease the risk of its dependency or abuse. The safe use of morphine rests partly with healthcare providers, and also with patients.

How to Avoid Morphine Addiction: Safe Prescribing and Use

Follow Prescriptions Carefully: Morphine should always be taken as instructed by your doctor. For example, they should take the proper dose at the proper time and not continue taking any morphine outside the prearranged period.

Monitor Use: If the patient has to use morphine long-term, healthcare providers should watch the patient for signs of misuse or dependency. However, regular check-ins can help us to spot problems before they get too bad.

Limit Duration of Use: Healthcare providers should, whenever possible, prescribe morphine for the shortest time possible to arrest pain. Some alternative pain management techniques should be found to avoid continued using opioids.

Alternatives To Morphine For Pain Management

For those with a risk of addiction or require long-term pain management there are alternatives to morphine which may have the lesser risk for dependency. Some of these alternatives include:

Non-Opioid Pain Relievers: If you have mild to moderate pain, your doctor may try other types of medicines first, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). These have less risk of addiction than opioids [3].

Physical Therapy: If you suffer from chronic pain, physical therapy may be able to strengthen your body without medication. Long-term discomfort can be managed using techniques such as stretching, exercise, and massage.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Pain: Helping individuals manage chronic pain by changing how they perceive and react to pain signals, CBT can be deployed. Pain management can be achieved by reducing the need for opioids due to this approach.

Nerve Blocks and Injections: Some healthcare providers use nerve blocks or injections to stabilize suspected sources of pain, bypassing systemic opioids such as morphine.

1. Medline Plus. Morphine. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682133.html

2. Healthline. Withdrawing from Opiates and Opioids. https://www.healthline.com/health/opiate-withdrawal

3. Web MD. Painkillers and Opioid Use Disorder. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/painkillers-and-addiction-narcotic-abuse

FAQs

Can Morphine Addiction Have Genetic Roots?

Yes, genetics can play some role in morphine addiction. Opioids such as morphine are more likely to be addictive to people with a family history of substance abuse or addiction. Everyone with such a genetic background will not become addicted, but they can raise the risk with other environmental factors, like stress, trauma, or opioids.

Can You Get Addicted To Morphine From Short-Term Use?

Addiction normally develops over time after long use of morphine, although some do become dependent or crave morphine after short use, usually high doses or improper use. Some people are more biologically or historically likely to become rapidly addicted.

What Does “Doctor Shopping” Mean Relating To Morphine Addiction?

Doctor shopping is the practice of visiting several doctors to get more prescriptions for morphine or other opioids, without the doctors knowing about each other. People going through addiction, are also known to act in this way along with others who do not wish to run out of the drug.

Can Someone Become Morphine Dependent If It Is Only Used For Medical Reasons?

Even people who take it for legitimate health reasons — say, for pain after surgery or during a long illness — can become addicted. Especially when the drug is taken over a long time or at high doses. Because treatment for addiction and dependency is key, healthcare providers must watch patients for signs of dependency and make adjustments if needed.

What are The Social Effects Of Morphine Addiction?

Morphine addiction can lead to social isolation, damaged relationships, and poor work and school performance. They may escape relationships and responsibilities, neglect relationships to use drugs, and conflict with family and friends, lose jobs, or fail school. The stigma of addiction and the addiction’s secrecy add to these challenges and make it hard to seek help.

HOW THE BALANCE CAN HELP WITH Opioids

The Balance RehabClinic is a leading provider of luxury addiction and mental health treatment for affluent individuals and their families, offering a blend of innovative science and holistic methods with unparalleled individualised care.