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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
9 Minutes
CONTENTS
You rarely hear Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) pop up in the public dialogue about celebrities, but its impact on health and development requires more visibility. FAS is estimated to affect 2 to 5 percent of children in the U.S.
Whether confirmed or speculative, public figures affiliated with FAS can help start conversations about how to both support and prevent people with FAS.
Fetal alcohol syndrome is a serious fetal developmental disorder resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure. FAS is part of a broader category called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), which relates to several conditions that occur because of the drinking habits of the mother during pregnancy [1]. Alcohol consumed by a pregnant person passes through the placenta into the developing fetus, thereby disrupting the normal development of the fetus’s brain, as well as other organ systems.
The spectrum of physical, cognitive, and behavioral challenges that characterize FAS is very wide. But they all have common features — distinct facial abnormalities (including a thin upper lip, a smooth philtrum, and small eye openings); growth deficiencies; and neurological impairments. They can present as learning problems, attention issues, social skill issues, and motor coordination difficulties.
FAS is entirely preventable. The risk of fetal alcohol exposure is zero if you abstain from alcohol while pregnant. Unfortunately, the stigma associated with substance use during pregnancy and the lack of awareness has allowed the problem to continue to be a global health issue.
FAS can cause a range of symptoms, which can affect many areas of development and can extend in severity. Physical symptoms are distinct facial features such as a smooth philtrum, a thin upper lip (the groove between the nose and upper lip), and small palpebral fissures (eye openings). Other signs include growth deficiencies, low birth weight, and small head circumference [1].
The behavioral and cognitive symptoms are often more difficult to spot. Those with FAS may have learning problems, poor memory, difficulty paying attention, and poor problem-solving skills. Hyperactivity, poor impulse control, and problems with social interactions are sometimes also prominent [2]. If treatment is not sought for these challenges early, they can continue into adulthood and potentially negatively affect functioning and quality of life daily.
Diagnosis of the FAS requires a complete assessment by the medical professionals (a multidisciplinary team). Diagnosis is based on the identification of key indicators, which include prenatal alcohol exposure, physical characteristics, central nervous system dysfunction, and growth deficiencies. When prenatal alcohol exposure cannot be confirmed, diagnosis is based on symptoms that can be observed and on ruling out alternative diagnoses suspected of similar symptoms. Early diagnosis is always important and this is to assist with timely interventions.
Early intervention and personalized treatments can greatly assist the child’s outcomes if there are none yet, but there is no cure for FAS. Treatment usually consists of educating the patients, medical treatment for physical health problems, and behavioral therapy. FAS is managed by parents, and caregivers by providing a structured environment and routine. Advocacy and community resources that are available help people with FAS lead full lives.
FAS has effects far beyond early childhood and often continues throughout a person’s life. FAS children may have trouble in school and may need to receive an individualized education plan (IEP) to help them learn. Just as tricky as organizational issues are emotional regulation issues, which can take a behavioral toll that strains relationships with family, peers, and teachers.
The challenges faced by people with FAS develop with age and they may linger on for a lifetime. People with FAS often have great difficulty sustaining a relationship, keeping a steady job, or leading a life on their own. They may also be more likely to have mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, or substance abuse disorder.
While people with FAS will have problems throughout their lives, with the right support systems and interventions they can live very fulfilling lives. The earlier the diagnosis is, the better outcomes there are – along with tailored education and access to mental health resources. Society needs to stop judging and move on to help an environment full of understanding.
Public discourse has inevitable celebrity influence and if public figures share their experience or stories of FAS, it could stimulate critical conversation.
The call for action by celebrities for FAS will help remove the stigma, and humanize this challenging health condition. It will make it possible to provide individuals with the strength to live their lives fully and to encourage others to get the help they need without fear of judgment.
Media platforms can use the influence of celebrities to help improve advocacy for such health conditions. This also helps in educating the public about the risks of drinking alcohol whilst pregnant. A large number of people can be reached by social media campaigns led by important personalities in spreading vital information about FAS support and prevention.
When talking about celebrities and FAS, the media has two roles. On the positive side, it can offer a well-deserved spotlight on the challenges and triumphs of individuals with FAS, demonstrating how strength, advocacy, and community establish a narrative of strength. A documentary, interview, or public appearance are powerful tools to take the mystery out of the condition and further acceptance.
While reporting of celebrity findings is important, sensationalized reporting or irrational speculation about celebrities does more harm than good. Speculation by media outlets regarding whether a public figure has FAS vis a vis their appearance or behavior perpetuates stereotypes, and trivializes the condition itself. It is up to responsible journalism to educate, not rumor, to maintain respectful and fact-based discussions around FAS.
Celebrities and the media can help people understand FAS by using their platforms to share accurate information and avoid harmful speculation.
Between sweeps of the supermarket aisle, Reese Witherspoon — the gracious and versatile leading lady of Hollywood — has been the target of unsound speculation about whether she has Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Rumors regarding her facial features, and that demeanor, seem to be based on nothing other than speculation with nothing to back it up. She’s never claimed or suggested herself that she suffers from FAS.
These discussions illustrate the perils of public leaks about health conditions. FAS is linked to invading their privacy by publicizing the misconceptions regarding FAS without any proof. But being physically different doesn’t mean the child or the adult person has FAS—they may also be struggling with learning and thinking problems and social issues. That reduces it to an assumption based on appearance, all of which trivializes the condition and its impact.
Instead of focusing on rumors, it makes more sense of these incidents to have platforms to educate the public. Understanding exactly what FAS is can redefine the conversation from frivolous speculation into genuine knowledge about the condition and its difficulties.
Joaquin Phoenix, whose unique presence and intense performances have gained him much acclaim, has also been the target of FAS speculations. This is a rumor mostly based on the prominent scar on his upper lip, which is usually mischaracterized as a symptom of Fetal alcohol syndrome. In reality, Phoenix was not born with the scar.
These myths are problematic for many reasons. First, it is a failure of awareness of behavioral, developmental, and medical criteria for diagnosing FAS. Second, it demonstrates how public characters are often judged too severely by physical characteristics that spark stigma for those with FAS living with it.
Phoenix’s rumor story is a reminder that baseless information will continue to grow in the vacuum of accurate knowledge. This brings home the idea that we should engage in responsible conversations that do not perpetuate the harmful stereotype and instead advocate for and educate the public regarding the hardships of those affected by FAS.
Anya Taylor Joy has a well-earned reputation in the world of cinema for her fascinating roles in works such as The Queen’s Gambit. Unfortunately, a speculative discussion has emerged over time that she may have FAS based on the features of her face. The assumption is baseless and we have seen these prejudices perpetuating utterly counterproductive narratives.
The discussion around Taylor-Joy underscores a broader issue: A tendency towards labeling people by superficial medical observation. It puts undue pressure on people in the limelight and trivializes the hard reality of FAS. Baseless claims of Taylor Joy’s success, talent, and ability to connect with audiences should take precedence.
It’s also an opportunity to educate the public about the entire spectrum of FAS. By grounding ourselves in the lived experiences of people who live with the condition—and their particular challenges—we can dispense with baseless speculation and shift the conversation to one of meaningful advocacy.
Best known as Harry Potter, Daniel Radcliffe has also been rumored to have FAS, both due to his unique facial features and his openness about personal battles. As with many other celebrities, these claims are pure speculation and lack any evidence of this, as they have never come from Radcliffe himself.
Such rumor-mongering can be contagious, a boomerang when it comes back to overshadow the person’s achievement. Radcliffe of course uses his platform to normalize the conversation on addiction recovery and also advocate for mental health support.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) advocacy groups spread awareness to the general public and support people with FAS. FAS is brought into the public eye, especially when there is a celebrity or public figure (real or perceived) associated with FAS. These are moments that organizations can use to educate the public on FAS, about what causes it, and what it does to people.
Past campaigns for other health issues have shown that celebrity advocacy actually works, and so FAS advocacy is no different. People who are public figures sharing life with a development issue, and are not connected with FAS, can inspire empathy and sympathy. For instance, an actor musician, or influencer may tell their stories to stress the need to stay away from alcohol while pregnant, as well as to support those with FAS.
The advocacy group’s resources include parenting strategies for caregivers of children with FAS, reading material for parents, teachers, and others on educating children, and training for health care providers. The weight of such initiatives gets a boost when influential people speak up for the cause and in the language of the people.
As public figures, they have the stage to confront misinformation and non-acceptance that entrenches the stigma connected with FAS. If they address the condition frankly, this will help them normalize conversations around what it takes to overcome it and prevent it. They might also be able to encourage families and individuals living with FAS to seek professional support without the worry of judgment.
For example, a celebrity sharing their developmental challenges or diagnosis as part of an interview will make neurodivergent people feel less marginalized and more confident. Likewise, actors playing FAS characters in television and film can help remove the surrounding mystery of the condition for a wider audience. Such representations can be done mindfully to create empathy and understanding and yield compassion, rather than further stigmatization about FAS and its impact on someone’s life.
Public figures may also be able to support opportunities for legislation and provide personal advocacy and funding of FAS-related research and services. They can leverage their power to advocate for policy change that will improve access to diagnosis, early intervention, and long-term support systems for those living with FAS.
1. Web MD. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. https://www.webmd.com/baby/fetal-alcohol-syndrome
2. Mayo Clinic. Fetal alcohol syndrome. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352901
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