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HomeEating DisorderDepression And Eating Disorders

11 Minutes

Edited & medically reviewed by THE BALANCE Team
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Are you struggling with an eating disorder and feeling depressed? You are not alone. Research has shown up to 50% of individuals with an eating disorder also experience depression. The link between the two is undeniable. In fact, depression is one of the most common co-occurring mental health conditions among individuals with eating disorders [1]. 

It’s estimated that up to 80% of individuals with bulimia nervosa experience major depressive episodes at some point in their lives [2]. Anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, and depression is a leading cause of death in individuals with this eating disorder. The connection between depression and binge eating disorder is clear – individuals with this disorder are three times more likely to experience depression than those without it.

Depression and eating disorders are often intertwined, and it’s essential to understand the underlying causes and effective ways to address both conditions to achieve lasting recovery.

A depressive eating disorder is a term used to describe the co-occurrence of depression and an eating disorder [3]. This type of eating disorder is classified as an “Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder” (OSFED) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) [1]. OSFED is used to describe eating disorders that do not meet the criteria for other specific eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

The link between depression and eating disorders can have various manifestations, resulting in OSFED, co-occurrence of depression and anorexia, bulimia with depressive symptoms, and binge eating disorder with depressive symptoms. Each type has its unique features, but they all involve an unhealthy relationship with food and negative emotions [3].

The underlying mechanisms that link eating disorders and depression are complex and multifaceted. One possible explanation is that eating disorders and depression may share common genetic and environmental risk factors, such as family history, personality traits, and stressful life events [1]. Another explanation is that the nutritional deficiencies caused by an eating disorder may lead to changes in brain chemistry, which can contribute to the development of depression [4].

Additionally, research has shown that individuals with eating disorders often have distorted perceptions of their body image and weight. They may have unrealistic and unattainable beauty standards, leading to low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness [2]. This negative self-image can exacerbate depression and contribute to a vicious cycle of negative thoughts and behaviors.

Certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing an eating disorder from depression. Some of these risk factors include a history of trauma or abuse, low self-esteem, perfectionism, social pressure to conform to beauty standards, and cultural factors that emphasize thinness as a desirable trait [4].

In summary, the link between eating disorders and depression is significant, and it is essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of a depressive eating disorder. With the right treatment and support, individuals can overcome this challenging mental health condition and improve their overall well-being [1]. Remember that seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Don’t be afraid to reach out for help if you need it.

While both types of eating disorders involve an unhealthy relationship with food, the presence of depression can significantly impact the nature and severity of the particular eating disorder [3]. Here are five distinct features in which depressive eating disorders differ from eating disorders without depression.

Emotional Regulation: One of the primary differences between depressive eating disorders and eating disorders without depression is the ability to regulate emotions. Depression can make it challenging to manage negative emotions, which can lead to disordered eating behaviors such as binge eating, purging, or restricting food intake [6]. Individuals with eating disorders without depression may still struggle with emotional regulation, but it is less likely to be a pervasive issue [5].

Self-Esteem: Depression can also have a significant impact on self-esteem. Individuals with depressive eating disorders often have negative self-images, which can exacerbate feelings of worthlessness and low self-worth [3]. Eating disorders without depression may also impact self-esteem but are less likely to be linked to depressive symptoms [5].

Body Image: The distorted perception of body image is a common feature of both depressive eating disorders and eating disorders without depression [2]. However, individuals with depressive eating disorders may be more likely to have severe body image disturbances, and these may be linked to depressive symptoms such as hopelessness and self-loathing [6].

Comorbidities: Individuals with depressive eating disorders are more likely to have other mental health conditions, such as anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and substance abuse disorders [5]. Eating disorders without depression may also co-occur with other mental health conditions, but the likelihood is lower [3].

Treatment Needs: Depressive eating disorders often require a more comprehensive treatment approach that includes both psychological and pharmacological interventions [6]. Treatment for eating disorders without depression may focus more on behavioral interventions, such as nutritional counseling and behavioral therapy [5].

Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are three of the most common types of eating disorders, and they can all occur with or without depression [2]. When depression and anorexia nervosa co-occur, individuals may experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness, which can exacerbate restrictive eating behaviors [3]. In bulimia nervosa, depressive symptoms may be associated with increased frequency and severity of binge eating and purging episodes [6]. Individuals with binge eating disorder and depression may experience an increase in binge eating behaviors, which can worsen depressive symptoms [2].

If you or a loved one has a history of depression and an eating disorder, it’s important to know the symptoms of a depressive eating disorder. Here are eight common symptoms that may indicate a co-occurring depressive eating disorder:

Changes in appetite and weight: One of the hallmark symptoms of depressive eating disorder is a change in eating habits, which can include loss of appetite or overeating leading to weight gain.

Low self-esteem: Negative self-talk and poor body image are common features of depressive eating disorders. This may lead to feeling ashamed or guilty about eating behaviors.

Lack of energy: People with depressive eating disorders may feel fatigued or lethargic, which can make daily activities more challenging.

Social withdrawal: Depression and eating disorders can lead to a tendency to isolate oneself from social activities, friends, and family.

Suicidal thoughts: Depression increases the risk of suicidal ideation or self-harm behaviors, and people with depressive eating disorders may be at higher risk for these types of thoughts or behaviors.

Mood swings: Depression can cause significant mood changes, and people with depressive eating disorders may experience more intense emotions and mood swings.

Physical symptoms: Depressive eating disorders can lead to physical symptoms like constipation, stomach pain, and difficulty sleeping.

Obsessive thoughts: People with depressive eating disorders may experience obsessive thoughts related to food, weight, or body shape. These thoughts can be overwhelming and interfere with daily life.

Anorexia nervosa with depression may present with similar symptoms as a depressive eating disorder, including fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and low self-esteem. However, individuals with anorexia and depression may also experience physical symptoms such as low heart rate, osteoporosis, and hair loss.

Bulimia with depression may involve binge eating followed by purging behaviors, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances, tooth decay, and digestive problems. Additionally, people with bulimia and depression may experience self-harm behaviors or substance abuse.

Binge eating disorders with depression can lead to rapid weight gain, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and other health problems. Binge eating disorder may also lead to feelings of shame or guilt, which can exacerbate depressive symptoms.

Dealing with a depressive eating disorder can be overwhelming and isolating. But it’s important to know that you’re not alone and that there is help available. Treatment for depressive eating disorders involves a multidisciplinary approach that addresses the disorder’s emotional and physical components. In this article, we will explore the different types of therapies used for depressive eating disorder treatment, as well as methods for dealing with the disorder on your own. We will also discuss the kinds of help and support available for people with eating disorders from depression.

Therapies For Depressive Eating Disorder Treatment

Psychotherapy, nutritional counseling, family therapy, and medication therapy are the main types of therapies used for depressive eating disorder treatment.

Psychotherapy: Also known as talk therapy, psychotherapy involves speaking with a therapist or counselor to identify the underlying emotional issues that contribute to the depressive eating disorder. One common type of psychotherapy used in the treatment of depressive eating disorders is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT helps individuals identify negative thoughts and behaviors, challenge them, and replace them with positive ones.

Nutritional Counseling: Nutritional counseling involves working with a registered dietitian to create a healthy and balanced meal plan. This can be particularly helpful for those who struggle with both depressive eating disorders and a poor relationship with food. Nutritional counseling helps individuals develop healthy eating habits and reduce their anxiety about food.

Family Therapy: Family therapy involves including family members in the treatment process. This type of therapy focuses on improving communication and relationships within the family. It can help individuals with depressive eating disorders to feel supported and understood by their family members. Family therapy can also address any family dynamics that may be contributing to the eating disorder or depression.

Medication: Antidepressants are often prescribed to individuals with depressive eating disorders. These medications can help to alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders. However, medication should always be taken under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional and should be used in conjunction with other therapies.

Dealing With Depressive Eating Disorder On Your Own

You can also use methods to help manage depressive eating disorder symptoms independently. Here are a few tips:

Learn about the Disorder: Learning about the depressive eating disorder can help individuals understand their symptoms and causes. This knowledge can help individuals better manage their illnesses.

Identify Triggers: Identifying the triggers that lead to depressive eating disorder episodes can help prevent them.

Practice Mindfulness: Practicing mindfulness can help reduce anxiety and stress levels. Focus on the present moment and engage your senses by noticing sights, sounds, smells, and textures. This can help you feel more grounded and present at the moment.

Build a Support System: It is important to build a support system that includes trusted family members, friends, or healthcare professionals. These individuals can offer encouragement, support, and guidance through the recovery process.

Keep a Journal: Journaling can be a helpful tool for individuals with a depressive eating disorder. It can help to identify specific triggers, emotions, and behaviors associated with the disorder. This information can be used to develop strategies to manage the disorder.

Stay Connected: Isolation can worsen depressive symptoms. Reach out to friends, family, or a support group to stay connected. Social support is important for recovery.

Help And Support For Depressive Eating Disorders

If you’re struggling with a depressive eating disorder, know that help is available. Here are some types of service and support:

Professional Treatment: Professional treatment, such as therapy or medication, can be very effective in treating depressive eating disorders. It is essential to seek treatment from qualified healthcare professionals who have experience treating eating disorders.

These can include residential treatment that involves staying in a specialized treatment center that provides 24-hour care and support. This can be helpful for individuals who require intensive treatment. Outpatient treatment consists in attending therapy and counseling sessions regularly while continuing to live at home.

Self-Help Resources: There are many self-help resources available for individuals with a depressive eating disorder, including books, online resources, and apps. These resources can provide valuable information and support to individuals struggling with the disorder.

Support Groups: Support groups provide a safe and supportive environment to connect with others who are going through similar struggles.

A depressive eating disorder is a serious and more prevalent disorder than usually thought. Treatment involves a comprehensive approach that addresses the disorder’s emotional and physical components. 

Several types of therapies are available, including psychotherapy, nutritional counseling, and medication. There are also methods for dealing with depressive eating disorder symptoms on your own, such as identifying triggers, practicing mindfulness, and staying connected. There are many types of help and support available, including residential and outpatient treatment, support groups, and family therapy Seeking treatment is crucial for recovery and can involve various therapies and approaches. 

It’s essential to remember that recovery is possible, and with the right help, you can overcome the challenges of this complex disorder. Don’t let shame or stigma prevent you from seeking the help you need. There is no shame in asking for help, and you deserve to live a happy and healthy life free from the grips of depression and disordered eating. 

Remember that you are not alone, and there are professionals and resources available to support you in your journey toward recovery.

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  2. McCarthy, M., 1990. The thin ideal, depression, and eating disorders in women. Behavior research and therapy, 28(3), pp.205-214. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005796790900032 
  3. Can Depression Lead to Eating Disorders? Psych Central. https://psychcentral.com/depression/depression-and-eating-disorders
  4. Hope for the Hopeless – Depression and Eating Disorders. Center For Change. https://centerforchange.com/hope-hopeless-depression-eating-disorders/
  5. Depression and Eating Disorders. Eating Disorder Hope. https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/treatment-for-eating-disorders/co-occurring-dual-diagnosis/depression
  6. How Are Depression and Eating Disorders Linked? Eating Recovery Center. https://www.eatingrecoverycenter.com/blog/depression-eating-disorders
  7. Mischoulon, D., Eddy, K.T., Keshaviah, A., Dinescu, D., Ross, S.L., Kass, A.E., Franko, D.L. and Herzog, D.B., 2011. Depression and eating disorders: treatment and course. Journal of affective disorders, 130(3), pp.470-477. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032710006725
  8. Depression And Eating Disorders. Transformations Care Network. https://www.transformationsnetwork.com/post/depression-and-eating-disorders
  9. The Relationship Between Eating Disorders and Depression. A Place Of Hope. https://www.aplaceofhope.com/the-relationship-between-eating-disorders-and-depression/
  10. What Is The Link Between Depression And Eating Disorders? Pulse TMS. https://pulsetms.com/depression/eating-disorders/
  11. Eating disorder treatment: Know your options. Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/art-20046234
  12. Anorexia and Depression. Psycom. https://www.psycom.net/eating-disorders/anorexia/anorexia-and-depression

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