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HomeAddictionPrescription DrugsClonidine Withdrawal

10 Minutes

Edited & medically reviewed by THE BALANCE Team
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Clonidine belongs to the Anti-hypertensive medication class. It is generally used to treat hypertension, but it could also be used to manage other health problems like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), opiate, nicotine, and alcohol addiction, menopausal flushes, spasticity, diarrhea, and some pain disorders. Clonidine has a half-life of roughly 5-16  hours and functions by activating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors.

It is commonly prescribed to aid with the withdrawal effects of opioids.

Clonidine inhibits the action of the sympathetic nervous system by blocking or inhibiting neurochemicals in the brain that cause its activation. Sweating, watery eyes, restlessness, and hot flushes are among the unpleasant symptoms of opioid detoxification. Clonidine has also been shown to help with anxiety and may possibly shorten the detox process.

Clonidine can aid with withdrawal symptoms of opioids, but it is not a cure or treatment for opioid addiction on its own.

When you stop taking clonidine, you will experience withdrawal symptoms. The intensity of clonidine withdrawal symptoms varies from patient to patient. That is why, when discontinuing medicine, patients are encouraged to seek professional medical help rather than relying on home care.

Clonidine is used to treat substance withdrawal, which is one of its most common applications. It has been demonstrated to be beneficial in helping people quit smoking, and it is also used in current opiate or alcohol withdrawal treatment. Clonidine’s usage in the treatment of nicotine, opiate, and alcohol withdrawal all simply comes down to almost the same basic principles: it inhibits the brain’s withdrawal responses. 

The influence on the sympathetic nervous system is the main advantage of utilizing this medicine during recovery therapy. This part of the brain is in charge of the body’s reaction to danger or stress, and it’s where our “fight-or-flight” responses come from.

The body becomes accustomed to substances that govern pleasure-giving neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine, as it does with most substance addiction issues. When the brain and body are recovering from drug dependence or abuse and are no longer subjected to an addictive chemical during the detoxification phase, it sends the signal to the remainder of the body that “something is wrong!” These signals subsequently cause a variety of withdrawal symptoms that differ depending on the substance. 

Anxiety, perspiration, nausea, and a variety of other symptoms could be present. The transmission of epinephrine and norepinephrine are used to relay these signals for numerous medications. Clonidine enters the withdrawal therapy process by partially blocking the transmission of adrenaline and norepinephrine, therefore reducing the unpleasant symptoms of substance withdrawal.

Anxiety, agitation, irritability, nausea, and sweating are all symptoms of alcoholism. Clonidine-assisted rehab for opiate addicts will notice some of the same symptom reduction, and cigarette users may observe comparable changes to a lesser extent.

Clonidine has various advantages over other Opioid withdrawal therapies, including:

  • It is not a drug that is taken on a constant schedule.
  • You can immediately stop taking opioids to get ready for Naltrexone induction, which will help you avoid relapse.
  • It doesn’t provide the same exhilaration as Opioids, thus you won’t require as many doses.
  • Clonidine is frequently coupled with Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers like Valium, Librium, or Xanax in the treatment of alcoholism.

Clonidine addiction, dependence, and abuse are rare, but they do occur, especially when the drug is combined with other substances. In reality, the majority of people who abuse clonidine do so while simultaneously abusing alcohol or other substances like heroin, methadone, or prescription opioids. They frequently combine clonidine with their drug of choice because it minimizes the amount of the other drug required to achieve a high and prolongs the high.

According to one study, clonidine is utilized in 80 percent of drug detox programs, and it is a perfectly safe prescription drug when used with medical supervision. Long-term usage of clonidine, on the other hand, might lead to physical dependence and symptoms of withdrawal. Clonidine withdrawal symptoms might be so severe that they can lead to death.

Abuse of other prescription medicines such as Sonata, Valium, or Adderall can be harmful, and any misuse of clonidine can have significant and possibly long-term implications.

If someone takes clonidine on a routine basis or abuses it, the following negative effects may occur:

  • Headaches
  • Dizzy spells and lightheadedness
  • Lethargy and Drowsiness
  • Hot flushes
  • Mood changes
  • Parched mouth
  • Depression
  • Sleeplessness
  • Night terrors
  • Constipation
  • Symptoms of a cold
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Irregular or rapid heartbeat

Although Clonidine is well tolerated for hypertension, certain Clonidine adverse effects, like withdrawal syndrome, should always be considered. Clonidine withdrawal symptoms can appear in a variety of ways, most of which are related to the drug’s effects on the nervous system.

Clonidine Rebound Hypertension

Clonidine rebound hypertension, or a sudden spike in a patient’s blood pressure, is the most prevalent symptom of withdrawal from clonidine. When this anti-hypertensive medicine is abruptly stopped or the dose is reduced, clonidine rebound hypertension occurs. Because of a substantial rise in the sympathetic outflow from the autonomic nervous system, this is most typically seen with adrenergic blocker medicines like clonidine. While the exact causes of Clonidine rebound hypertension are unknown, numerous characteristics have been discovered to be extremely suggestive. Chronic clonidine use (even at modest dosages of 0.1 mg), eating more than 1.2 mg per day, a past history of hypertension or rebound hypertension, the patient’s overall state of health are among them.

Other common signs and symptoms include:

  • Anxiety and/or depression
  • Feeling jittery or irritable
  • Lightheadedness or dizziness
  • Shivering
  • Vomiting or nausea
  • Chronic migraines
  • Concentration problems
  • Elevated heart rate

Timeline for Clonidine Withdrawal

  • 12 hours following the last dose: Many hours after clonidine detox starts, early withdrawal effects develop.
  • 1–7 days following the last dose: During the first week, clonidine withdrawal symptoms will become more severe before progressively subsiding. Clonidine detox and symptoms of withdrawal can continue for several weeks, but they are not always severe, and most symptoms fade during the first week.

Clonidine withdrawal syndrome can occur when it is abruptly stopped, regardless of the method of administration. Rebound increases in urine and serum catecholamines (hormones secreted by adrenal glands) can occur. Withdrawal symptoms such as agitation, nervousness, tremor, rebound hypertension, and headache have been linked to clonidine. Cerebrovascular accidents, hypertensive encephalopathy, and mortality have all been documented on a small number of occasions.

Patients having a history of high blood pressure or other cardiovascular diseases, those on greater doses of clonidine, or those on concurrent beta-blocker therapy are at an increased risk of experiencing negative withdrawal effects. 

Patients using oral clonidine and experiencing gastrointestinal illness with vomiting may be at risk of withdrawal due to an inability to take the medicine abruptly. In patients receiving epidural clonidine, close monitoring of infusion pump operation and catheter tubing for blockage or dislodgement is indicated to avoid unintended abrupt discontinuation.

If clonidine must be stopped, doses should be gradually reduced over 2–4 days to avoid symptoms of withdrawal. Patients who have been on clonidine for more than 4 weeks may need to reduce their doses more slowly (dose reduction every 3 days). If you need to stop taking extended-release clonidine, gradually lower the dose by 0.1 mg every 3—7 days. When clonidine is used for psychotropic purposes, blood pressure and heart rate should be monitored during weaning.

On the first encounter, clonidine withdrawal treatment programs commence with a medical evaluation to assess the patient’s current status. The detoxification method involves slowly reducing the dosage until the individual is no longer suffering withdrawal symptoms. Over the course of 2-4 weeks, the dose is gradually reduced. If the individual is also on beta-blockers, tapering off the beta-blockers should be done several days prior to tapering off clonidine.

Inpatient and outpatient services are available to help with recovery. Individuals will frequently be offered substance abuse treatment and prevention options at such a facility. The detoxification procedure itself might be holistic or medical in nature. A medical detox facility can help the patient manage clonidine withdrawals by providing medication. Holistic detox entails eliminating toxins without the use of medicines.

Clonidine Withdrawal Management: Holistic detox processes include the following:

  • Eating a well-balanced and nutritious diet
  • Yoga and basic workout sessions are some options for physical activity.
  • Getting adequate rest
  • Avoiding excessive alcohol use or, in some cases, temporarily abstaining from alcohol
  • Spending quality time outside to relax or go for walks in nature

The holistic approach to detox is preferred in clinical practice because it reduces the danger of secondary addiction and gives greater long-term outcomes.

Clonidine withdrawal syndrome treatment includes behavioral therapy, support groups, and community support programs in addition to detox regimens. Patients who simply participate in detox programs have been found to be more likely to relapse. There are behavioral triggers in addition to the physiological effects of drug usage.

Detoxing From Clonidine

Detoxing at a treatment facility assures that the patient does not have access to higher clonidine doses than those administered by facility staff. Detoxing in a facility also ensures that if medical assistance is required during the treatment process, it will be provided. Since clonidine rebound is a substantial risk during withdrawal, having medical staff on hand 24 hours a day might mean an immediate reaction to just about any hypertensive crisis that may arise during the tapering process, greatly reducing the likelihood of patients developing the illness.

The first step in clonidine detox is a medical checkup to establish the patient’s physical state prior to starting the treatment program. Medical teams determine both the patient’s general medical state and drug history during this pre-detox period, which could last up to 24 hours.

After the pre-detox period is ended, the patient’s body starts to detoxify. The tapering method of detoxification can take up to a few weeks to finish. The procedure is gradually reducing the dose of clonidine given to the patient till it reaches zero.

The duration of treatment is determined by the beginning dosage level, with larger doses requiring more stages to complete. However, if the patient develops withdrawal symptoms throughout the detox, the period can be extended.

Lowering the doses on a regular basis enables patients to gradually acclimate to decreased clonidine levels in the body without experiencing withdrawal symptoms from the drug’s abrupt elimination. If withdrawal symptoms arise at any point throughout the procedure, the medical experts in charge of the procedure may elect to revert to greater dosage levels earlier in the procedure to provide symptomatic relief before proceeding to lessen the doses.

When the doses are completely stopped, the patient’s body should have adapted to the point that any symptoms of withdrawal are minor in comparison to those that could occur if the dosage was stopped at the previous level.

Clonidine Rehab Following Detox

Following detox, patients attend a series of therapy sessions in either an outpatient or inpatient setting to equip them with the tools they need to live a sober and clean lifestyle. Strategies for resisting the drug’s psychological reliance are among the tools available. Counseling isn’t just for the detox process. Counseling sessions are frequently extended following inpatient rehab to address any drug-related difficulties that may arise shortly after individuals leave the institution.

For patients who have had a past medical issue that led to their doctor’s clonidine prescription, a complete medical examination is essential to decide the best treatment option for the underlying condition and to substitute the clonidine drug. The involvement of medical professionals is critical at this point to ensure that the underlying condition is under control when the clonidine is tapered off.

It’s critical that a patient starts clonidine withdrawal treatment as soon as feasible.

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